Orthoptera in Notranjska
Grasshoppers, Orthoptera, Crickets, Saltatoria in Slovenia
Abstract Saltatoria Cerknica
Grasshoppers were studied during two summer camps by three Dutch orthopterologists in 1997 and 1998 in the Notranjska National Park in the surroundings of Cerknica, Slovenia. In 1997 at least 40 species were found on 9 places by the JNM. In the beginning of August 1998 only minor research on grasshoppers took place and no intensive search was done during a KNNV summercamp. From end August 1998 also some observations from a ZOTKS camp in Sempas are added. Grasshopper records are categorized per region. The order of the visited regions corresponds with the order which has been used in the other papers in this report. The numbers of the localities are indicated on the map on the last page. In the end of this article a systematic survey of the recorded species is given. General information about the visited regions is given in the general introduction of this report. .
Table of contents
1. Description of visited area’s
-
1.1. Bloke plateau [A]
1.2. The Slivnica[B]
1.3. The Cerknica Polje [C]
1.4. The Rakov Skocjan [D]
1.5. The Risnjak (Croatia) [F]
1.6. The Nanos [G]
1.7. The cliffs of Hrastovlje [H]
1.8. Other a’s visited
1.8.1. Rakitna [I1]
1.8.2. The Iska valley [I5]
1.8.3. Krk [J2]
2. Remarks on some species
3. Conclusions diversity
-
3.1. Comparison 1998 with 1997
4. Grasshoppers of the drier grasslands on Bloke plateau
-
4.1. Conclusions
4.2. The balance of two years grasshoppers on Velike Bloke
5. Discussion
6. Literature
Introduction
The grasshopperfauna of Slovenia is rich, although it is still not
comparable with the Iberian peninsula and Greece. The
Orthoptera fauna is rather richt with .. species. During our
stay ... species were seen.
- Bloke plateau [A] (19 species)
- The Slivnica [B] (17 species)
- The Cerknica Polje [C] (5 species)
- The Rakov Skocjan [D] (7 species)
- The Risnjak (Croatia) [F] (1 species)
- The Nanos[G] (23 species)
- The cliffs of Hrastovlje [H] (17 species)
Other area’s visited
- Rakitna [I1] (16 species)
6-7-97 Slope and plateau 2 km west of Rakitna (Novaska Gora, 998 m.)
Rakitna plateau is a continuation of the Bloke plateau to the north. The species composition was comparable with the Bloke plateau although the altitude is 998 meter, 300m higher (more montane). Two montane species were not recorded on Bloke plateau : Miramella alpina and Isophya spec. Also Polysarcus denticauda was recorded, a montane species who was seen once on Bloke plateau in 1997.
- The Iska valley [I5] ( 10 species)
- Krk [J2]
-
(15 species)
18-7-97 Westcoast, near Porat west of Malinska. Mediterranean shrubland and wasteland.
Only three species were typical for Krk: Euchorthippus, Tylopsis liliifolia and Oedalus decorus. The grasshoppers with coloured wings seemed to be more heatloving here than in Holland. Also Oedipoda caerulescens and Calliptamus italicus were present, a combination which was also common near Sempas/Nova Gorica. Not all grasshoppers are identified and not all are listed in the Table. For example Stauroderus scalaris, a montane species, is not added. But Us & Matejevev (1967) do mention the Large banded grasshopper (Stauroderus scalaris) from the Kvarner (Qu).
The observations were done four camps. The most important is the JNM camp (5 July - 20 July 1997) and the KNNV summercamp (13 July - 27 July 1998) both at Dom Pod Police at Velike Bloke.
JNM (Jeugdbond voor Natuur en Milieustudie) is a youth organisation for studing nature and milieu. The KNNV (Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische vereniging) is the Dutch Royal society for Natural history.
On the KNNV camp I left for a Zotks summercamp in Sempas so only observations of Orthoptera were done in the first week. Only few observations of the Zotks camp and another KNNV MWG camp (30 May-6 June 1998) are added. The observations of the KNNV MWG camp are from my twin brother Marcel Hospers, also co auteur of the Dutch paper of Orthoptera in the report of Hans Inberg.
Material and Methods
In 1997 intensive search is done in the areas listed below. Also several grasshoppers are collected and indentified in Holland. In 1998 only additional observations and several new areas (Sneznik, Iska, Slivnica) are done.
This report is divided in three parts. The first part describes the eleven (Included Sneznik) places checked on grasshoppers. All observed Orthoptera are mentiond in Table 1 "Grasshoppers and Crickets’’. To add information on species level the Part ‘Remarks on some species’ is added. After this some conclusions on diversity are made.
Description of visited area’s
Between brackets the number of species is mentiond. (n=7) means 7 species recorded on that location.11-7-97 Location 1 (n=7) * Near the barracks north of Velike Bloke ('Gmajna'). 740 m. altitude Arrhenatherion hayfield.
11-7-97 Location 2 (n=12) * Underneath the northslope of the Bloski Hrib hill, just south of the road, 750 m altitude. Low productive hayfield.
11-7-97 Location 3 (n=6) * Along the Bloscica stream, northwest of Velike Bloke. ('Berinjek') 735 m. Humid grasslands.
11-7-97 Location 4 (n=5) * Near the bridge across a tributary of the Bloscica stream, northwest of Velike Bloke ('Berinjek'), 735 m.
13-7-97 Location 5 (n=6) Not far from Blosko jezero. 740 m. Mosaic of humid and drier low productive grasslands near the stream.
13-7-97 Location 6 (n=6) * North of Krajic, ca. 750 m. Brook valley grassland. Humid grasslands.
13-7-97 Location 7 (n=3) * Halfway Nova Vas and Velike Bloke. 720 m. Arrhenatherion hayfield.
14-7-97 Location 8 (n=11) * Near Dom Police, Velike Bloke, 740 m. Low productive hayfield.
10-7-97 Location 9 (n=5) Just south of Velike Bloke, 730 m. Low productive hayfield.
11-7-97 Location 10 (n=11) * Northeastern slope of the Lisec hill west of Velike Bloke, ca. 760 m. Low productive hayfield.
11-7-97 Location 11 (n=4) * Northeastern slope of the Lisec hill west of Velike Bloke, ca. 760 m. Hayfield overgrown with shrubs and bushes.
16-7-97 Location 12 (n=1) Observation of Gryllus. Between Velike Bloke and Radlek, near the highest point in the road, behind a house. 800 m. Low productive hayfield.
The Bloke plateau was checked well on grasshoppers in 1997. At 9 locations complete species lists were made. These localities are indicated with an asterisk (‘*’).
The most numerous and widest distributed species were Chorthippus parallelus, Metrioptera roeselii, Metrioptera brachyptera and Euthystira brachyptera. These species were found in many of the investigated grasslands. Also Stenobothrus lineatus was present on most locations. These species are not characteristic of the Bloke plateau and were common in many other visited areas as well. In 1998 mainly Orthoptera which can be easily recognised or heard were noticed. This could be the reason why the Bog Bush cricket (M. brachyptera) was not heard and the Roesel’s grasshopper (M. roeselii) was often present.
There was no species exclusively seen on the Bloke. Species typical for Bloke plateau were Tettigonia caudata, Myrmeleotettix maculatus, Chorthippus apricarius and Psophus stridulus. T. caudata is a species of Eastern Europe known from cornfields and wastelands near roads. The last description matches the habitat at Bloke. Two other species were only caught on the Bloke plateau and in Rakitna : Chorthippus apricarius -not in Slovenia according to Us & Matvejev- and Psophus stridulus. In 1997 these species were often seen or heard, in 1998 both were rare. In 1998 only nymphes of Psophus were found. In the mountain area’s Pholidoptera aptera could be found several times on the rough terrains, especially on the edges of woods. Polysarcus denticauda was found once in a densely wooded meadow on the northeastern hillside (location 11). On higher altitude, like the top of the Nanos, this species populated, strange enough, just the open -not wooded- areas. Maybe this species can only survive in the colder microbiotopes. Another species, Stauroderus scalaris, was caught on the Bloke plateau on 2 localities. It occurred mainly on mountain meadows, corresponding with the English name ‘Large mountain grasshopper’. The latter two species were also found in the (sub)mediterranean area, near Hrastovlje (P. denticauda) and on Krk (S. scalaris) respectively, see the discussion there.
In hayfields grown with bushes (location 11) Pholidoptera griseoaptera was the most numerous species, whereas Leptophyes punctatissima, Pholidoptera aptera and Euthystira brachyptera occurred in very low densities. Succession of hayfields with shrubs seems - just like a mowed meadow- to have a negative effect on grasshoppers occurrence. Only a few forest rim specialists will increase when grasslands turns into shrublands and woods. Most species of grasshoppers, however, are related to grasslands and these species won’t survive when vegetation would be higher.
Most grasshoppers were observed in the drier grasslands. In Inberg, Hospers & Hospers (1997, Dutch) a case study about the distribution of grasshoppers between the different types of meadows on Bloke is present. The humid biotopes (locations 4, 5 & 6) contained much less species than the drier biotopes. Only in 1998 two typical wet species Stethophyma grossum and Chorthippus montanus were observed on Bloke. Conocephalus dorsalis was only found in 1997 at Cerknica polje. In Rakov Skocjan (Large Marshgrasshopper, Stethophyma grossum) and Cerknica lake (Conocephalus dorsalis) also wet meadow species were seen. Only Chorthippus montanus was not present in these high vegetations. The mesotrophilic lime marshes near the Bloscica are, even compared with the Slovenian situation, not productive and the most vegetations are low. The cold could be a limiting factor for the distribution of these species, although several of these species are also known from South Scandinavia.
On the rather high (640m) Bloke plateau the spring was cold. The
most species grasshoppers are growing up in the second half (July)
of the summer. Our visit was probably to early for species like
Ephigger ephippiger and Phaneroptera falcata/(nana
quadripunctata). In 1997 only E. ephippigger nymphs were
seen, in 1998 none at all.
Praying Mantis,
Bidsprinkhaan, Mantis religiosa
7-7-97 Lime meadows on the southern hillside near the restaurant at the Slivnica Dom on circa 1100 meter altitude.
On the Slivnica 17 species were seen. Remarkable was that both heat and cold loving species were observed. Stenobothrus rubicundus is a warmth loving species which is only seen on the hot spots at the foot of the Nanos. Miramella alpina is a montane species which was only seen on montane meadows on the top of Nanos and near Rakitna. Probably Stenobothrus and Miramella occupy different microhabitats on the Slivnica.
17-7-97 Near Goracice (ca.550 m.)
Willow shrubland and reedlands
A polje is an area (often a valley) which is a temperory lake or marsh that is faster filled by underground rivers than it is emptied by the rivers that take the water away.
During the summercamp Conocephalus dorsalis has been seen in the vast marshland area of the Cerknica polje only. This species of wet biotopes was not recorded on the Bloke plateau in 1997(see discussion Bloke [A]) and not at all in 1998.
The other observations of common species like Roesel’s Bush Cricket (M. roeselii) were from the willow shrublands along the margin of the Polje.
8-7-97 Grasslands in the valley (ca. 550 m.)
With Bloke [A] one of the two places where the Large Marsh Grasshopper, Stethophyma grossum was found. Twenty individuals of this marshland species were seen on the banks of the river Rak. Some grasshoppers of the South Eastern European genus Odontopodisma were observed in 1997.
In 1997 very abundant (and in 1998 abundant) were Chorthippus parallelus and Metrioptera roeselii. Compared with Bloke Gryllus was abundant in this valley. The crickets were present on flowerrich meadows surrounded by wood. In meadows also the other species mentioned were caught. Odontopodisma spec. was present here.
17-7-97 Forest gap near Kod Buvke,
at circa 1200 m. altitude
Because of the bad weather and the scarcity of suitable biotopes, few grasshoppers have been seen here. The only recorded species was Pholidoptera aptera.
8-7-97 from Razdrto (577 m.) to the top (1240 m.):
- ‘Nanos 1’: submediterranean grasslands underneath the Nanos (600-800 m.)
- ‘Nanos 2’: montane grasslands on the top (ca. 1200 m.)
On the beautiful warm meadows at the foot of Nanos the most common species were Euthystira brachyptera, Metrioptera roeselii, Stenobothrus lineatus and Chorthippus parallelus. These species were also common on the Bloke plateau. Also a not identified species from the warmth loving Platycleis cf albopunctata/grisea family was seen here. In Slovenia hybrids of this species can be found so these are not distinguished.
On the wood edges Pholidoptera griseoaptera was found. Also Isophya spec. seemed to prefer the edges of the wood. Spectacular was Mantis religiosa (Dictyoptera) which was rather common at the foot of Nanos. The praying Mantis was also very common in the surroundings of Sempas and Hrastovlje. Cicadas were also seen in these hot biotopes. The sound of the cicadas could be heard commonly in these area’s. The beautiful Stenobothrus rubicundus produced his sound flying in the air as well as on the ground. On the mountainside most common species were Metrioptera bicolor, Pholidoptera aptera, Leptophyes punctatissima and Euthystira brachyptera.
In 1997 the alpine species Arcyptera fusca was only found on Nanos (50 exx) but in 1998 it was also present on the alp meadows of the Slivnica (3 male +2 female). Also the sound of Chorthippus bigutullus was heard, a species which is common in Holland but scarce in the surroundings of Bloke.
Maybe Chorthippus dorsatus was found but unfortunately not collected. It is not mentioned in the list. Also Polysarcus denticauda was observed on Nanos.
16-7-97 between station Hrastovlje and village Hrastovlje; slope north of Hrastovlje. Submediterrane, <100 meter above sea level
18-7-97 idem, same area but included railwaystation Zazid
The most weird was Saga pedo, which catches grasshoppers. This insect belongs to the biggest insects of Europe and it is Europes largest grasshopper. It is present in South Europe and especially in the Mediterranean. It is locally numerous and rather common near the border between Italy and Slovenia. Most recorded observations are rather old. Sago pedo is on the Slovenian red list and present in the Annex IV of the Habitat Directive of the European community which means that the species is internationally threatened. Saga pedo is a thermophilic grasshopper species and does not require a special habitat. No male Sago’s are known. The females are parthenogenetic, their eggs do not need to be fertilized. These eggs are viable for more than 10 years. On 16 July a rare brown imago was seen on the southern lime meadow north of Hrastovlje, not far away from the railway tunnel and close to the cliffs which are part of beautiful ‘cliffs of Hrastovlje’. On 18 July a ‘common’ green imago -90% of the individuals is green- was seen on a lime hill 2 km before Zazid in the direction of Hrastovlje. Probably the species is not rare in this area. Sago is mostly active at twilight and at night, whereas we visited the area in dayight (Kaltenbach 1990).
It was strange to see two species which are usually seen in the mountains : Polysarcus denticauda was found at the station of Zazid and Pholidoptera aptera was numerous along the road from the railwaystation Hrastovlje to the village. Obviously these species were less related to the mountains than presumed.
Nice was the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) with its red underwings. Also the Blue winged grasshopper (Oedipoda caerulescens), with blue underwings, was present. In Holland this is a species of areas with scarce vegetations in the dunes and drifting sands in the midlands of the Netherlands.
Another beautiful grasshopper was Eupholidoptera chabrieri, a Bush Cricket with a clear green thorax and a black band. It was recorded on two localities between the railwaystation of Hrastovlje and the village (16 July 1997) and near the railwaystation of Zazid (18 July 1997). In Istra (Cro) several Phaneroptera falcata/nana were seen near or under bushes. Just like Ephippiger, Phaneroptera is a late species so only nymphs were seen. Probably the species is easier to find later in the year.
16-7-1998 The hiking-route through the canyon of the Iska river
This is the valley above Velike Bloke, but is is rather different. The roads and the people and the houses are on top of the hills and the villages are separated by a 800 m deep canyon. In this canyon the Iska is running, a 2-5 m wide and 0,20-1m deep river, depending on the rain. The slope of the canyon is covered with wood and along the river it is too cold for grasshoppers but extremely good for montane flowers. All grasshoppers were seen at the top on the flowerrich, sunny meadows. Large mountain grasshoppers (Stauroderus scalaris) and Odontopodisma were present.
Table 1 Survey of Orthopteroidea (Grasshoppers, Crickets, Bush crickets and Groundhoppers) in Notransjka in 1997and 1998 at two summercamps. Bold are the added localities for 1998. When localities from 1997 are bold this species is seen in 1997 and 1998. The right column shows if species has increased (+), decreased (-), strongly decreased (--) or equal (=) in 1998.
| Bush-crickets (Tettigoniidae) |
Increase (+), decrease(-) or unknown(?) |
||||||||||||||
| 1. Sikkelsprinkhaan (Phaneroptera nana/falcata.) 1 | Hrastovlje, | ||||||||||||||
| 2. Struiksprinkhaan (Leptophyes punctatissima) | Bloke plateau(3,8,10,11); Slivnica; Nanos(2); Hrastovlje; Rakitna(I1); | -- | |||||||||||||
| 2. Struiksprinkhaan (Leptophyes punctatissima) | Bloke plateau(3,8,10,11); Slivnica; Nanos(2); Hrastovlje; Rakitna(I1); | -- | |||||||||||||
| 3. ‘Struiksprinkhaan’ (Isophya kraussi/brevicauda) 2 | Nanos(1); Hrastovlje; Rakitna(I1) 98 Sneznik | -- | |||||||||||||
| 4. "Hooiwagensprinkhaan" (Tylopsis liliifolia) | Krk(J2) | ||||||||||||||
| 5. Gewoon spitskopje (Conocephalus dorsalis) | Cerknica polje | - | |||||||||||||
| 6. Dikbuiksprinkhaan (Polysarcus denticauda) | Bloke plateau(11); Nanos(1,2); Hrastovlje; Rakitna(I1) 98 Sabatin | -- | |||||||||||||
| 7.Grote groene sabelsprinkhaan(Tettigonia viridissima) | Nanos(1); Hrastovlje; Cerknica 98 Slivnica, Sempas | -? | |||||||||||||
| 8.Oostelijke groene sabelsprinkhaan (Tettigonia caudata) | Bloke plateau(1,2); Krk(J2) 98 VB (1 kazerne) | = | |||||||||||||
| 9. Wrattenbijter (Decticus verrucivorus) | Bloke plateau(2,10); Slivnica; Cerknica meer; Rakov Skocjan; Nanos(1,2) Rakitna(I1) Rakek Kuk/Cepovan | = | |||||||||||||
| 10. Platycleis albopunctata/grisea. 6 | Nanos(1) Hrastovlje; Krk(J2) | ||||||||||||||
| 11. Heidesabelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera brachyptera) | Bloke plateau(1,2,3,4,8); Slivnica; Rakitna(I1); Krk(J2) | -- | |||||||||||||
| 12. Lichtgroene sabelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera bicolor) | Bloke plateau(1,7,8,10); Nanos(1,2); Rakitna(I1); Krk(J2) 98 Iska VB (2) Slivnica Cerknica | -- | |||||||||||||
| 13. Greppelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera roeselii) | Bloke plateau(1,3,6,7,8,9,10); Cerknica meer; Rakov Skocjan; 98 Rakov Cerknica VB (1,2,3,4,8) Cepovan valley Slivnica Iska Nanos 1; Hrastovlje; Rakitna(I1); Krk(J2) | - | |||||||||||||
| 14. ‘Bergbramensprinkhaan’ (Pholidoptera aptera) | Bloke plateau(2,8,10,11); Slivnica; Risnjak; Nanos(2) 98 Rakek Slivnica VB(2,8) Iska Cerknica Sneznik | + | |||||||||||||
| 15. Pholidoptera fallax/littoralis. 3 | Bloke plateau(9); Hrastovlje; Nanos(1); Rakitna(I1) Sivnica | + | |||||||||||||
| 16. Bramensprinkhaan (Pholidoptera griseoaptera) | Bloke plateau(2,6,10); Cerknica meer; Slivnica; Nanos(1,2); Hrastovlje 98 Iska, Rakov Skocjan Rakek Sneznik VB(8) | + | |||||||||||||
| 17. "Zorrosprinkhaan" (Eupholidoptera chabrieri) | Hrastovlje 98 Nova Gorica | ||||||||||||||
| 18.Grote sprinkhanenvreter (Saga pedo) | Hrastovlje - | ||||||||||||||
| 19.Zadelsprinkhaan (Ephippiger ephippiger) | Bloke plateau(2,3); Nanos(1) | -- | |||||||||||||
Crickets Krekels(Gryllidae) |
|||||||||||||||
| 20. Veldkrekel (Gryllus campestris) | Bloke(12); Rakov Skocjan; Nanos(1),98 VB(8) Rakov Skocjan Iska valley | - | |||||||||||||
Ground-hoppers Doornsprinkhanen (Tetrigidae) |
|||||||||||||||
| 21. Kalkdoorntje (Tetrix tenuicornis) 5 | Hrastovlje Tetrix spec : 98 VB(two places), Cerknica-Otok. | ||||||||||||||
Grasshoppers Veldsprinkhanen(Acrididae) |
|||||||||||||||
| 22. Groene bergsprinkhaan (Miramella alpina) | Slivnica; Nanos(2); Rakitna(I1) 98 Slivnica Iska valley Rakov Sc | ||||||||||||||
| 23. Odontopodisma spec. 4,5 | Rakov Skocjan 98 Slivnica?- | ||||||||||||||
| 24. Arcyptera fusca | Nanos(2) 98 Slivnica (5,3 male) | + | |||||||||||||
| 25. Klappersprinkhaan (Psophus stridulus) | Bloke plateau(2,4,8,10); Rakitna(I1) VB (8,pumphouse) | -- | |||||||||||||
| Roodvleugelsprinkhaan (Oedipoda germanica) | Nad Podnanos | ||||||||||||||
| 26.Blauwvleugelsprinkhaan (Oedipoda caerulescens) | Hrastovlje; Krk(J2) 98 NovaGorica Nad podnanos | ? | |||||||||||||
| 27. Oedalus decorus 5 | Krk(J2) | ? | |||||||||||||
| 28. Italiaanse treksprinkhaan (Calliptamus italicus) | Hrastovlje; Krk(J2) 98 Nad podnanos Nova Gorica | ||||||||||||||
| 29. Moerassprinkhaan (Stethophyma grossum) | Rakov Skocjan 98 VB (3) | = | |||||||||||||
| 30. Kleine goudsprinkhaan (Euthystira brachyptera) | Bloke plateau(1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11); Cerknica meer; Rakov Skocjan; Nanos(1,2); Hrastovlje; Rakitna(I1); Krk(J2) 98 VB (1,2,3,8) Slivnica, Iska, Cerknica, Rakov Skocjan,Cepovan | = | |||||||||||||
| 31. Negertje (Omocestes rufipes) | Hrastovlje, 98 mulatiera zod uclja in kulelj | ||||||||||||||
| 32. Zoemertje (Stenobothrus lineatus) | Bloke plateau(1,2,4,6,8,10); Nanos(1,2); Hrastovlje; Rakitna(I1); Krk(J2) 98 VB(1,2,8) Slivnica, Cepovan, Iska, Cerknica | - | |||||||||||||
| 33. Stenobothrus rubicundus 5 | Slivnica; Nanos(1) | ||||||||||||||
| 34. Knopsprietje (Myrmeleotettix maculatus) | Bloke plateau(2) 98 Ruine at bridge Rakov Skocjan | ||||||||||||||
| 35. Laddersprinkhaan (Stauroderus scalaris) | Bloke plateau(2,4) 98 VB (2) Iska, Slivnica Sabatin NadpdNanos | ++ | |||||||||||||
| 36. Locomotiefje (Chorthippus apricarius) | Bloke plateau(6,8,9,10); Rakitna(I1) 98 Bloke ,Slivnica | - | |||||||||||||
| 37. Bruine sprinkhaan (Chorthippus brunneus) | Bloke plateau(8); Nanos; Rakitna(I1); Krk(J2) Gorenje Jezero | = | |||||||||||||
| 38. Ratelaar (Chorthippus biguttulus) | Nanos(2), 98 Kovka nod colom, mulatiera zod uclja in kulelj | = | |||||||||||||
| 39. Krasser (Chorthippus parallelus) | Bloke plateau(1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10); Rakov Skocjan; Nanos(1); Rakitna(I1); Krk(J2) 98 Rakov Cerknica, VB(1,2,8) Iska | = | |||||||||||||
| 40. Euchorthippus spec. 5 | Krk(J2) | ||||||||||||||
| 41 Zompsprinkhaan (Chorthippus montanus) | 98 VB (4) | ||||||||||||||
| 42 Roodvleugelsprinkhaan (Oedipoda germanica) | 98 Nad pod Nanos | ||||||||||||||
| 43 Smalhoofdsprinkhaan (Ruspolia nitidula) | 98 Mlake, obcesti Podnanos-vipava, 4 km Jod xipave | ||||||||||||||
| 44 Zuidelijke boomsprinkaan (Meconema meriodionalis) | 98 Laze-Gorenje Jezero | ||||||||||||||
| 45 (Acrometapoda macropoda) Langbeinige Sichelschrecke | 98 Postojna | ||||||||||||||
| 46 Witbandstruiksprinkhaan Leptophyes albovitta | 98 Mulatiera zod uclja in kulelj | ||||||||||||||
| 47 Rosse Sprinkhaan (Gomphocerippus rufus) | 98 Sempas | ||||||||||||||
Remarks on table
For some species some additional remarks can be given :
1. A specimen of Phaneroptera was thought to be Phaneroptera falcata but was not collected. We didn’t take account of the characteristics of the two other Slovene species. In Slovenia P. falcata and P.nana (formerly P.quadripunctata) are present. These species were not distinguished. P.falcata is rapidly increasing in the southern part of the Netherlands. P. nana is a more southern species that just reaches as far as the wine region of the Elzas.
2. We didn’t take account of species other than Isophya pyrenea. The animals seen in Hrastovlje were typified by a more slender figure and white lines along the pronotum to the abdomen. Isophya pyrenea is split in I.kraussi (Eastern of Italy) and I. pyrenea (Only present in South -France). At least two Isophya (I. brevicauda and I. kraussi) species are known from Slovenia. They can be distinguished by sound and size.
3. Pholidoptera are not well identified. P. aptera is mainly a mountain species. Pholidoptera cf fallax occurred probably on the camping site. In Hrstolvje Pholidoptera cf littoralis was present.
4. The genus Odontopodisma is related to Miramella and occurs in Eastern- and Southeastern Europe. The only species found relatively far to the west is M. decipiens insubrica. The animal we found had short rosa wings, rosa knees and was brighter green than Miramella.The genus Odontopodisma is related to Miramella and present in East and South-Europe. Only one, decipiens insubrica, of the Odontopodisma species is present in Central Europe (Western most occurrence is Swiss). Several times grasshoppers were found with pink wings and lighter green than a Miramella.
5. Collected by Marcel Hospers, identified by Mark van Veen, Roy Kleukers & Jan Wieringa .
6. Platycleis is a difficult genus that can be lumped and split. Platycleis grisea/albopunctata/intermedia/nigrosignata are known from Slovenia. These species were not distinguished. Roy Kleukers found six species, probably near Trieste (Italy): Platycleis intermedia, P. modesta, P. nigrosignata, P. sepium, P. stricta and P. tesselata (Personal communication Othoptera Slovenia, 1998).
Remarks on some species
Only those species with additional information are discussed here. For example information about abundance, distribution, ecology, identification or nomenclature. Between brackets first the number of observations in 1997 (Dutch youth organisation for studying nature and environment) and than in 1998 the observations from the Royal Dutch society for natural history (KNNV).
- 3 Grote groene sprinkhaan Isophya brevicauda/ kraussi (n = 3,1)
Plumpschrecke, Large speckled bush-cricket - In 1997 three times seen on high mountainmeadows. The species
can be distinguished by sound. Although silent sometimes it was the
sound that betrayed him. In 1998 three ex. on a Sneznik
mountainmeadow were heard. Although the sounds differ for the
species, they were not distinguished. I. pyrenea is
considered to be a species of West-Europe. The meadow on Sneznik
was a transition from mountainconfinerous wood at 200 m under the
Pinus mugo to broad-leaved tree zone.
- 6 Dikbuiksprinkhaan Polysarcus denticauda (n=4,1)
Wanstschrecke, Large Saw tailed bush cricket - In 1998 hardly seen compared to 1997. Only seen north of Nova
Gorica near Sabatin near a formerly military mountainhut. Known
from middle mountains with meadows or extensive dry grasslands.
- 7 Grote groene sabelsprinkhaan Tettigonia viridissima (n=3,1)
Grunes Heupferd, Great Green Bush Cricket - In 1998 only one male was heard while I climbed the Slivnica. In 1997 (not visited in 1998) numerous downhill Bloke-Cerknica.
- 8 Middelste groene sprinkhaan Tettigonia caudata (n=1,1)
Ostliches Heupferd, Eastern Green Bush cricket - Caudata means tail : the cerci and styles are long in
this species. Size smaller than T. viridissima and often
seen in cornfields or near roadsides. In 1998 at Velike Bloke 3
females were seen. Only observed on Velike Bloke and Krk,
literature also mentions Triglav (4).
- 9 Wrattenbijter Decticus verrucivorus (n=8,5)
Warzenbeisser, Wart biter - This large species of sunny areas was often seen on mountain
meadows but also surprisingly often found in large numbers at a
bank on a rivermeadow near Rakov Skocjan. Easily recognised by its
sound.
- 12 Lichtgroene sprinkhaan Metrioptera bicolor (n=8,3)
Zweifarbige Beissschrecke, Two Coloured Bush Cricket - In 1998 this species was rare compared to 1997 and only nymphs
were seen after the fifth day, an indication the species was rare
or late that year. Often found on waste places with high vegetation
with open area’s.
- 13 Greppelsprinkhaan Metrioptera roeselii (n=13,9)
Roesels Beissschrecke, Roesel’s Bush cricket - Well recognized by sound and therefore it was often found. It is
known that often longwinged Roesel’s Bush crickets occur on
mountains. We did not see any.
- 14 Bergbramesprinkhaan Pholidoptera aptera (n=7,7)
Alpen Strauchschrecke, Alpine Dark Bush cricket - Common on Velike Bloke, trying to hide in tents probably because
the mowed meadows did not give enough shelter anymore. Maybe not
perfectly distinguished from Pholidoptera fallax/littoralis.
This species was determined by its shrilly yelling.
- 16 Bramesprinkhaan Pholidoptera griseoaptera (n=8,7)
Gewohnliches Strauchschrecke, Dark Bush cricket - In 1998 also recorded in Rakov Skocjan, Rakek and the Iska valley.
- 20 Veldkrekel Gryllus campestris (n=3,3)
Feldgrille, Field-cricket - In 1997 more common than in 1998.
21 Ground-hoppers Tetrix (n=1,4)
In 1998 three times Tetrix species were seen (June 98 : Otok and Velike Bloke and July 1998 : Velike Bloke) but not collected. In 1997 a Tetrix was collected and identified as Tetrix tenuicornis. Tetrix is not common in Slovenia or this group is not investigated well. Kleukers does not mention any Tetrix and on the Triglav only Tetrix bipunctata is present. Dutch Tetrigidae are not mentiond for Slovenia. Probably Slovenia is on the edge of their distribution.
- 22 Groene bergsprinkhaan Miramella alpina(n=3,3)
Alpine Gebirgsschrecke,Green Mountain Grasshopper - Likes wet mountains higher than 1000m. The different subspecies
were not separated. Also present in the Iska valley and on the
Slivnica.
- 24 Arcyptera fusca (n = 1,1)
Grosse Hockerschrecke, Large Banded Grassshopper - In 1998 five Large Banded Grasshoppers were found on the
Slivnica. The three males were very easy to hear and see. This
species produces a sound in flight. According to Slovko Polak the
Banded Grasshopper is common in the south of Postojna. Rare in the
neighborhood of Nova Gorica.
- 25 Klappersprinkhaan Psophus stridulus (n=5,2)
Rotflugelige Schnarrschrecke, Rattle Grasshopper - All names refer to its rattling sound in flight. Just like M.
bicolor much more rare than in 1997 and only nymphs were seen.
Strange enough only in the neighbourhood of Velike Bloke.
- 29 Moerassprinkhaan Stethophyma grossum (n=1,1)
Sumpfschrecke, Large Marsh Grasshopper - Only one observation in every year (1997 bridges of Rakov
Skocjan and 1998 Bloscica, VB) so it was a rare species. Both
places were typical wet riverbanks.
- 30 Kleine goudsprinkhaan Euthystira brachyptera (n=18,10)
Kleine Goldschrecke, Small gold grasshopper - The reduction of localities was probably caused by the mowing of
the meadows. New in the Iska vallei and Slivnica.
- 32 Zoemertje Stenobothrus lineatus (n=11,6)
Heidegrashupfer, Stripe winged Grasshopper - This species was easily recognised by the sound. Rather common
on low vegetations.
- 34 Knopsprietje Myrmeleotettix maculatus (n=1,1)
Gefleckte Keulenschrecke, Mottled Grasshopper. - In both occasions the species was found in a place sheltered by forest. Myrmeleotettix antennatus resembles M. maculatus but it is an East-European species, not known from Slovenia.
- 35 Laddersprinkhaan Stauroderus scalaris (n=3,4)
Gebirgsgrashupfer, Large Mountain grasshopper - This Large Mountain grasshopper was easily recognised by its sound made in flight. This Chorthippoid was seen on dry mountainous meadows. In 1998 more individuals were present than in the previous year. Between Kramplje and VB and on the Slivnica large numbers were present. In Nova Gorica, a drier and warmer place, the species was less often seen. Also seen on the Iska.
- 36 Locomotiefje Chorthippus apricarius (n=5,2)
Feld Grashupfer, Upland Field Grasshopper - Hardly heard in 1998. Us & Matvejev nor Kleukers do mention this species for Slovenia. The determination was based on sound.
- 39 Krasser Chorthippus parallelus (n=12,6)
Gemeiner Grashupfer, Meadow Grasshopper - The Meadow Grasshopper was very common in Rakov Skocjan. Chorthippus parallelus had a broad distribution, it was present in nearly all relevees.
- 41 Zompsprinkhaan Chorthippus montanus (n=0,1)
Sumpfgrashupfer, Watermeadow Grasshopper - Probably this species was present near the Bloscia bank together with Stethophyma grossum and an unidentified Omocestus/Stenobothrus.
- 42 Roodvleugelsprinkhaan (Oedipoda germanica)
Rotflugelige Odlandschrecke, Red winged grasshopper< - In 1998 on ZOTKS Sempas summer camp often found, together with the Italian locust. Loves hot dry area’s present near Sempas.
- 43 Smalhoofdsprinkhaan Ruspolia nitidula (n =0,1)
Grosse Schiefkopfschrecke, Large cone head - In 1998 on ZOTKS Sempas summer camp a Large Conehead was found in a channel on an abandoned military exercise field. In Southern Africa this species is considered as an delicacy. Reason for farmers not to use pesticide because sometimes the grasshoppers are more expensive than the crop they eat !!
- 44 Zuidelijke boomsprinkaan Meconemameriodionalis (0,1)
Sudlichen Eichenschrecke, Southern Oak Bushcricket - Between Laze and Gorenje Jezero a Southern Oak Bush Cricket was present on on me, while walking under low leaved-trees.
- 45 Rosse Sprinkhaan (Gomphocerippus rufus)
Rote Keulenschrecke, Red winged grasshopper - In 1998 on ZOTKS Sempas summer camp often found, together with
the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) and Oedipoda
germanica on hot places.
Conclusions on diversity
In total 45 species grasshoppers were found. (22 Bush-crickets, 1 Cricket, 1 Groundhopper (Tetrix) and 21 Grasshoppers). Six were only determined on genus level. Five species were only observed in the coastal region of Slovenia. Three species were only seen on Krk, an island near the coast of Croatia. Three species were only seen on Sempas. The lime rock Nanos was with 23 species the most grasshopper rich, probably because of alpine and mediterranean elements. On Bloke 19 species were seen, In Notranjska (Bloke plateau, Cerknica lake, Slivnica mountain, Rakov Skocjan and Rakek) in total 22. Some additional observations were done on ZOTKS Sempas 1998.
The following species seemed to have a montane distribution (included Bloke plateau and the top of the Nanos):
Miramella alpina, Psophus stridulus, Myrmeleotettix maculatus, Stauroderus scalaris, Chorthippus apricarius, Chorthippus biguttulus, Pholidoptera aptera and Arcyptera fusca.
The following species seemed to have an submediterranean distribution (included the foot of the Nanos):
Oedipoda caerulescens, Oedalus decorus, Calliptamus italicus, Omocestus rufipes, Tetrix tenuicornis, Phaneroptera falcata/nana, Tylopsis liliifolia, Platycleis albopunctata/grisea, Eupholidoptera chabrieri, Saga pedo.
Common species : Chorthippus parallelus, Metrioptera roeselii. cf Polidoptera phallax was only common on the camping place and on the edges of woods.
Species which were not found in 1998 because the locality was not visited : Phaneroptera falcata/nana, Sago pedo, Platycleis spec, Eupholidoptera chabrieri, Odontopodisma, Oedipoda caerulescens, Omocestus rufipes, Stenobothrus rubicundus, Chorthippus brunneus, Chorthippus biguttulus and Euchorthippus.
Species which were not seen again in 1998 near Bloke and surroundings, cause unknown : Leptophyes punctatissima, Metrioptera brachyptera, Polysarcus denticauda.
Comparison 1998 with 1997
In several ways 1998 was different than 1997. The number of species of butterflies and grasshoppers found as well as their abundancy was lower in 1998 than in the previous year 1997. Butterflies like Papilio machaon, Iphiclides podalirius (only at Slivnica) and Brintesia circe were rather common whereas in 1997 these butterflies were only present at Hrastovlje and Mediterranean area. Maybe this was caused by mowed meadows. After July the 19th 1998 a lot of meadows were mowed. Probably due to this mowing most species were less common. Another possibility is the wet spring : In 1998 also less butterflies where seen and the number of charophytes (a kind of waterplant) was much higher than in the previous year. In 1998 two days of heavy rainfall at the start of the camp could have contributed to the poor insectofauna.
Grasshoppers of the drier grasslands on Bloke plateau
Abstract
In 1997 five grasslands relevees ( ‘a’ till ‘e’ )were made and 95 species plants, 26 species butterflies and 18 species grasshoppers were found. In wet area’s these numbers could not be reached.
Introduction
The meadows of Bloke are fantastic. These meadows are hardly fertilized and resemble the Dutch meadows in the start of our century. The dry grassland are in area more common than the wet grasslands. These dry grasslands are rather important for plants, butterflies and grasshoppers.
For this report only the grasshoppers part are dealt with.
In 1997 and 1998 on five meadows on the Bloke plateau a species list is made. (See table 2, Relevees. In total 18 species were seen. The meadows ‘a’ and ‘b’ are certainly less grasshopper rich than ‘c’, ‘d’, and ‘e’. Although the weather has its influence on the number of caught grasshopper this influence is less than on the butterflies, if you not only are dependent on the sound. Number ‘b’ was checked during cloudy weather. It seems that grasshoppers prefer poor vegetation’s. There are no species which were only seen in the eutrophic (‘a’ and ‘b’) meadows. In most ‘poor’ vegetation (grassland ‘e’) Metrioptera bicolor and Metrioptera roeselii are not seen. M. roeselii prefers higher vegetation’s (Kleukers et all, 1997) Myrmeleotettix maculatus, Ephippiger ephippiger and Stauroderus scalaris are only seen in ‘e’. Myrmeleotettix maculatus and Stauroderus scalaris like open, poor vegetations.
If a meadow is mowed the grasshoppers are gone. This holds for all meadows, poor and rich. Meadows ‘a’ and ‘b’ are mowed two times a year. This could be the reason that they contained less Orthoptera. Species known not to like intensive mowing are not present here. Remaining grass and woody worts are missing in those intensive grasslands. From several species it is known that they put their eggs in one year old grass. These will be absent in those habitats. Species lacking in ‘a’ and ‘b’ are species who do not like high vegetations. An example is Myrmeleotettix maculatus. Leptophyes and Metrioptera like old vegetations and are hardly present in young meadows like, ‘a’ and ‘b’. Probably this due to the distance of wooden vegetation. ‘a’ and ‘b’ being most distant of the wood edges.
Conclusions
In nearly all situations the number of species is the same or less, till only one third of the amount what was found in the previous year 1997. The reasons (mowing, the weather, heavy rainfall at the start of the camp) are already mentioned earlier.
Leskovar (1990) only discovered 44 species of plants in 32 relevees in calcareous marshes. Also for butterflies and grasshoppers the drier areas of the Bloke plateau are very important. Grasslands ‘a’ and ‘b’ are less rich than ‘c’, ‘d’ and ‘e’. The first two are probably mowed two times a year and are fertilized, the last three are mowed once and are not fertilized. Several things could cause the lower biodiversity in ‘a’ and ‘b’ .
Such as:
- Species sensitive for mowing are missing (plants, Orthoptera). Species with lack of regeneration power or a bad mobility.
- Species of oligotrophic places are lacking (plants)
- Species dependent on open vegetation and sandy areas are missing (grasshoppers)
Tabel 2 ‘Relevees of grasshoppers on differen types of meadows in Velike Bloke in 1997 and 1998’
In the area’s where a relevee has been made in 1997 also one is made in 1998, except for recording c (Number [A10], slope of Lisec, west of Velike Bloke). The values of 1998 are in bold. The ’x’ means present but abundance not counted or estimated.
Grasshoppers abundance in 1997 en 1998in the surroundings of Velike Bloke Localities according to JNM report 1997 a b c d e Location numbers (Numbers according Table 1 ) 1 7 10 8 2 Locations Bloke plateau [A] Krasser(Chorthippus parallelus) 5, 15 1,x x 20,20 10.10 Meadow Grasshopper Kleine goudsprinkhaan (Euthystira brachyptera) 8,15 x 10,2 20,10 Small Gold Grasshopper Zoemertje (Stenobothrus lineatus) 1,- x 1,3 10,10 Stripe Winged Grasshopper Heidesabelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera brachyptera) 2,- 2,- 10,- Bog Bush cricket Oostelijke sabelsprinkhaan (Tettigonia caudata) 5,5 x 2,- Greppelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera roeselii) 8,- 3,x x 10,10 -,x Roesel’s Bush cricket Lichtgroene sabelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera bicolor) 15,- 2,x x 10,- -,x Two Coloured Bush cricket Bruine sprinkhaan (Chorthippus brunneus) 1,- Field grasshopper Locomotiefje (Chorthippus apricarius) x 1,1 Upland Field Grasshopper Struiksprinkhaan (Leptophyes punctatissma) x 1,- Speckled Bush-cricket Bergbramesprinkhaan (Pholidoptera aptera) x 10,5 4,10 Alpine Dark Bush Cricket Klappersprinkhaan (Psophus stridulus) x 1,- 1,- Rattle Grasshopper Bramesprinkhaan (Pholidoptera griseoaptera) x 10,- Dark Bush-Cricket Wrattenbijter (Decticus verrucivorus) x 4.- Wart Biter Knopsprietje (Myrmeleotettix maculatus) 2.- Mottled Grasshopper Zadelsprinkhaan (Ephippiger ephippiger) 2.- Sadle-backed Bush Cricket Laddersprinkhaan (Stauroderus scalaris) 20,20 Large Mountain Grasshopper Veldkrekel (Gryllus campestris) 2 Field-cricket Discussion
In this section of the report our observations are compared with six rather recent other sources of information. The list of Kleukers is the only one which is not published.Several strange things can be noticed : Kleukers did not see any Leptophyes, Pholidoptera and Metrioptera. As far as I rember those species were also in Sempas (near Italian border, Kleukers base station) not present. Chorthippus apricarius was not known (Table 3) by recent checklists.
Tylopsis liliifolia was not known from Slovenia but was thought to be seen at Postojna and Sempas.
Tetrix seems to be rather unknown in Slovenia. Only the standard list mentions them.
Platycleis & Isophya are difficult genera that can be split and lumped. For example Kruseman & Duijm (1983) consider P. grisea, P. occidentalis and P denticulata as one species.
Also with the Poecilimon species not enough attention is paid to.
In Bloke only a few but in Sempas quite a lot of the Caelifera/Acrididoidea. were seen but not identified.
Andre Hospers
ahospers@dds.nlReferences
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- Beukeboom L. (1993). the grasshoppers van Nederland and België. Jeugdbondsuitgeverij.
- Chinery M. (1986). Collins guide to the insects of Britain and Western Europe. Collins, London.
- Duijm M. & G. Kruseman (1983). the krekels and grasshoppers in the Benelux. KNNV, Utrecht.
- Kaltenbach A.P. (1990). The predatory Saginae. pp 280-302. In: Baily W.J. & D.C.F. Rentz (eds.) The Tettigonidae. Biology, systematics and evolution. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
- Kleukers R. et all. (1997). The grasshoppers and Crickets of the Netherlands (Orthoptera). Nederlandse Fauna I. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, KNNV & EIS.
- Hospers A. (1998) Grasshoppers of Slovenia In Romein, E.(ed.) Biological report Summercamp KNNV AKC, Utrecht
- Inberg H., A. Hospers & M.Hospers (1997) Orthopteroidea in Slovenia. In : Inberg H. (ed.) Biological report summercamp 1997, Groningen
- Kleukers R. Personal communication : Raw data listing Orthoptera Slovenie 23-10-97, 1997, Leiden
- Triglav Nationaal park : Arthropoda -Insecta-Orthoptera Internet site about Triglav
- http://www.sigov.si/tnp/s/bio/nevr/nevret.htm
- Us P. & S. Matvejev (1967), Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae, II/6, Orthopteroidea, Ljubljana
Appendix
Table 3 ‘Comparison of our observations with other recent lists of Slovenia’
-
The occurrence of Orthopteroidea of Slovenia is listed.
The numbers of the species relate to the numbers used in the document. From the list of Kleukers (1) and Triglav(4) also species are added. These added species have no number. If ‘Ita’ is striked through it is absent from Italy. ‘#’ means that the species was not mentioned in that book (Column 3), ‘X’ means ‘present’.
Grasshoppers, Crickets,Ground-hoppers and Bush-crickets (Orthoptera) Laubheuschrecken. Bush-crickets, Sabelsprinkhanen (Tettigoniidae) 1) 2) Catalogus III/6 Fauna Orthopteroidea
Jugoslaviae
Internet Triglav document 5) 1. Sikkelsprinkhaan (Phaneroptera falcata Poda /nana Fieber) ‘Gemeine’ Sichelschrecken,Sickle-bearing Bush-cricket
Not Ita,Slo, Cro, Bos, ServSlo,Cro(Ist,Qu, Da,Sla),SB (Voj), BH only.falcata, not P. nana 2. Struiksprinkhaan (Leptophyes punctatissima Bosc d’Antic, 1792) Punktierte Zartschrecke, Speckled Bush-cricket
Not Ita, Slo, Cro(Dal), Greece Slo, Cro (Da),Sb Not Oostelijke Struiksprinkhaan (Leptophyes albovitta Kollar, 1833) Gestreifte Zartschrecke, Striped Bush-cricket
Not NO-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bosn, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist,Qu), Sb,BH X Struiksprinkhaan (Leptophyes bosci Fieber, 1853) Boscis Zartschrecke, Boscis Bush-cricket
Not # Slo, Cro(Ist,Qu), Sb (Voj) X ‘Grote struiksprinkhaan’ (Isophya pyrenea.Serville, 1839) Plumpschrecke, Large Speckled Bush-Cricket
Not # Slo, Cro, Sb, Ma X 3. ‘Grote struiksprinkhaan’ (Isophya brevicauda Ramme, 1931.) Kurzschwanzige Plumpschrecke, Large Speckled Bush-Cricket
Not # Slo, Cro (Sla) Not Acrometopa macropoda Burmeister, 1838 Langbeinige Sichelschrecke Not # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da), BH Not 4. "Hooiwagensprinkhaan" (Tylopsis liliifolia Fabricius, 1793) Lilienblatt-Sichelschrecke,
X # Cro (Ist, Qu, Da), Sb, BH Not 5. Gewoon spitskopje (Conocephalus dorsalis Latreille, 1804) Kurzfluglige Schwertschrecke, Short-winged Cone-head
Not N-Italie, Slo, Cro, Bosnie Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla), Sb Not tilSouth of Tirol 6. Dikbuiksprinkhaan (Polysarcus denticauda Charpentier, 1825 ) Wanstschrecke, Large Saw Tailed Bush Cricket
X N-Ita,Slo, Cro, Bosn, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da), Sb(Voj), BH, Mtg Ma Not 7.Grote groene sabelsprinkhaan(Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus 1758) Grunes Heupferd, Great Green Bush Cricket
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bosnie, Serv Slo, Cro(Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X 8.Oostelijke groene sabelsprinkhaan (Tettigonia caudata Charpentier 1845) Ostliches Heupferd, Eastern Green Bush Cricket
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Da), Sb (Voj, Cosmet), BH, Ma X Kleine groene sabelsprinkhaan (Tettigonia cantans Fuessly 1775) Zwitscherschrecke, Lesser Green Bush Cricket
X N-Ita, Slo, Centre Croatia, Coast of Bosn, Serv Slo, Cro (Qu), Sb X 9. Wrattenbijter (Decticus verrucivorus Linnaeus, 1758) Warzenbeisser, Wart Biter
Not N-Italie, Slo, Cro, Bosnie Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla), Sb (Voj, Cosmet) X 10. Platycleis albopunctata Goeze (denticulata Panzer 1796) spec. 6 Westliche Beissschrecke, Grey Bush-cricket
Not Ita, Slo, Cro, Bosnie, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist), Sb, Ma Platycleis grisea Fabricius, 1781 Graue Beissschrecke Not # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X Platycleis intermedia Serville, 1839 X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),Sb Not Platycleis modesta Fieber, 1853 Veranderte Beissschrecke X # Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),BH,Mtg Not Sepiana Yersin 1854 / Platycleis sepium Yersin, 1854 Zaunschrecke X # Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),BH,Mtg Not Platycleis stricta Zeller, 1849 Sudostliche Beissschrecke X # Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),BH,Mtg Not Dobbelsteensprinkhaan (Platycleis tesselata) Charpentier, 1825 Braunfleckige Beissschrecke, Brown spotted Bush-cricket
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bosn, Serv Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),BH,Mtg Not 11. Heidesabelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera brachyptera Linneaus, 1761) Kurzflugelige Beisschrecke, Bog Bush-cricket
Not NO-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bosnie, Serv Slo, Sb, BH X 12. Lichtgroene sabelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera bicolor Philppi, 1830) Zweifarbige Beisschrecke, Two Coloured Bush Cricket
Not N-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bosnie Slo, Cro (Ist, Sla), Sb(Voj) X 13. Greppelsprinkhaan (Metrioptera roeselii Habenbach, 1822) Roesels Beisschrecke, Roesel’s Bush Cricket
Not Ita,Slo, Cro, Servie,BosnieSlo, Cro (Ist, Qu), Sb, BH X Pholidoptera femorata Fieber, 1853 Strauchschrecke Not # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),BH X 14. ‘Bergbramensprinkhaan’ (Pholidoptera aptera Fabricius, 1853) Alpen Strauchstrecke, Alpine Dark Bush Cricket
Not # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu,Da) X 15. Pholidoptera fallax Fischer, 1853 (/littoralis ) Sudliche Strauchschrecke, Bush-crickets
Not # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Sla) X 15. Pholidoptera littoralis Fieber, 1853 /(fallax) Kusten Strauchschrecke, Bush-crickets
Not # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da) No 16. Bramensprinkhaan (Pholidoptera griseoaptera De Geer, 1773) Gewohnliche Strauchschrecke, Dark Bush-cricket
Not N/NW-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bosn Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da) X 17. "Zorrosprinkhaan" (Eupholidoptera chabrieri Charpentier, 1825) Grune Strauchschrecke,
Not # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da) X 18.Grote sprinkhanenvreter (Saga pedo Pallas, 1771) Grosse Sageschrecke,
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da) Not 19.Zadelsprinkhaan (Ephippiger ephippiger Fiebig, 1784) Steppen-Sattelschrecke, Saddle-backed Bush-cricket
Not Slo, Ita,Cro, Bos, ServSlo, Cro (Da) X Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853 Balkan-Sattelschrecke Not Slo, Cro (Da) X Grillen, Crickets, Krekels
(Gryllidae)Huiskrekel (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) House cricket Not Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X 20. Veldkrekel (Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758) Feldgrille, Field Cricket
Not Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X Dornschrecken, Ground-hoppers, Doornsprinkhanen
(Tetrigidae)Tetrix bipunctata Linnaeus, 1758 Zeipunkt-Dornschrecke, Two-spotted Groundhopper
Not N-Ita, Slo, Cro, BosmSlo, Cro (Ist,Qua,Sla),Sb X 21. Kalkdoorntje (Tetrix tenuicornis, Sahlberg, 1893) Langfuhler-Dornschrecke, Long-horned Groundhopper
Not N-Ita,W-Slo, Coastal Cro(Dal) Slo, Cro (Ist, Da) Only present : T. bipunctata Feldheuschrecken, Grasshoppers, Veldsprinkhanen
(Acrididae)22. Groene bergsprinkhaan (Miramella alpina Kollar, 1833) Alpine Gebirgsschrecke, Green Mountain Grasshopper
var. alpina var. collina
Mountainous area in South/Center Europe Slo, Cro ( Qu) al. var. carinthiaca al. var. collina
23. Odontopodisma decipiens Ramme 19514,5 Grunschrecken,
X # Cro (Qu, Da), Sb, BH X Odontopodisma fallax Ramme, 19514,5 Grunschrecken,
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu), Sb, BH No Odontopodisma schmidti Fieber, 18534,5 Grunschrecken,
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla), Sb X 24. Arcyptera fusca Pallas, 1773 Grosse Hockerschrecke, Large Banded Grasshopper
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da), Sb, BH X Arcyptera microptera Fischer de Waldheim, 1833 Kleinen Hockerschrecke, Small Banded Grasshopper
X # Not Not Istrie Arcyptera brevipennis Brunner von Wattebwyl, 1861 Hockerschrecke, Banded Grasshopper
X # Not Not 25. Klappersprinkhaan (Psophus stridulus Linnaeus, 1758) Rotflugelige Schnarrschrecke, Rattle Grasshopper
X N-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Sla) X Roodvleugelsprinkhaan (Oedipoda germanica Latreille, 1804) Rotflugelige Odlandschrecke
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),Sb Not 26.Blauwvleugelsprinkhaan (Oedipoda caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758) Blauflugelige Odlandschrecke, Blue-winged grasshopper
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X 27. Oedalus decorus Germar, 1826 Kreuzschrecke X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) Not 28. Italiaanse treksprinkhaan (Calliptamus italicus Linnaeus, 1758) Rosevleugel Italienische Schonschrecke, Italian locust X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X 29. Moerassprinkhaan (Stethophyma grossum Linnaeus, 1758) Sumpfschrecke, Large Marsh Grasshopper
No Ita,NE-Slo, E-Cro, E-BosSlo, Cro (Qu, Sla) Not 30. Kleine goudsprinkhaan (Euthystira brachyptera Ockskay, 1826) Kleine Goldschrecke, Small Gold Grasshopper
X N-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Sla) X Omocestes viridulus Linnaeus, 1758 Bunter Grashupfer, Common Green Grashopper
X N-Ita, N-Slo, S-Cro(Dal), Bos, S-Serv Slo, Sb, BH X Omocestes petraeus Brisout, 1855 Fels Grashupfer, Woodland Grashopper
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) Not Omocestes haemorrhoidalis Charpentier 1825 Rotleibiger Grashupfer, Orange-tipped Grashopper
X N-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X 31. Negertje (Omocestes rufipes Zetterstedt, 1821) Buntbauchiger Grashupfer, Woodland Grashopper
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X Stenobothrus fischeri Eversmann, 1848 Sudlicher Grashupfer, Winged Grasshopper
X # Cro (Ist, Qu, Da,) X Stenobothrus nigromaculatus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840 Schwarzfleckiger Grasshupfer, Winged Grasshopper
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da),Sb X 32. Zoemertje (Stenobothrus lineatus Panzer, 1796) Heidegrashupfer, Stripe Winged Grasshopper
X N-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) X 33. Stenobothrus rubicundus Krusemann & Jeekel, 1967 5 Bunter alpengrashupfer,
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da) X 34. Knopsprietje (Myrmeleotettix maculatus Thunberg, 1815) Gefleckte Keulenschrecke, Mottled Grasshopper
X N-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu), Sb, BH Not 35. Laddersprinkhaan (Stauroderus scalaris Fischer de Waldheim, 1846) Gebirgsgrashupfer, Large Mountain Grasshopper
X Mountain Meadows of Central and South Europe Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu) X Chorthippus albomarginatus De Geer, 1773 Weissrandiger Grashupfer, Lesser Marsh Grasshopper
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, ServSlo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) also C. bicolor, Chorthippus alticola Ramme. 1921 Hohengrashupfer, -- Field Grasshopper
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) also C. bicolor, 36. Locomotiefje (Chorthippus apricarius ) Feld Grashupfer, Upland Field Grasshopper
No ‘N-Ita’, ‘S-Slo’, Cro(Dal), Bos(Centre and coast) Cro (Ist, Qu) also. dorsatus, 37. Tandradje (Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg, 1815) Brauner Grashupfer, Field Grasshopper
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) C. alticola, C. bicolor, 38. Ratelaar (Chorthippus biguttulus Linnaeus, 1758) Nachtigall Grashupfer, Bow-winged Grasshopper
X N-Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Sla) C. biguttulus C. brunneus Chorthippus dorsatus Zetterstedt, 1821 Wiesengrashupfer, Steppe Grasshopper
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) also C. bicolor
41 Zompsprinkhaan (Chorthippus montanus Charpentier, 1825) Sumpfgrashupfer, Watermeadow Grasshopper
X ‘NO-Ita’, Slo, Cro, N-Bos Slo, Cro Not Chorthippus pullus Philippi, 1830 Hohengrashupfer, -- Field Grasshopper
X # Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) No 39. Krasser (Chorthippus parallelus Zetterstedt, 1821) Gemeiner Grashupfer, Meadow Grasshopper
X Ita, Slo, Cro, Bos, Serv Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Sla) Chorthippus vagans Eversmann, 1848 Steppengrashupfer, Heath Grasshopper
X ‘N-Ita’, Slo, Cro(Dal), South-Bos Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) Euchorthippus declivus 5 Franse prairiesprinkhaan ‘Jersey Grasshopper’ X South/South-Eastern Europe Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da) Not Euchorthippus pulvinatus 5 Jersey Grasshopper X South/South-Eastern Europe Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da) Not 42 Zuidelijke boomsprinkaan Meconema meriodionalis Sudlichen Eichenschrecke, Southern Oak Bush Cricket
No Italie, South-Slo, West-France Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu,Da) Not 43 Smalhoofdsprinkhaan (Ruspolia nitidula ) Gross Schiefkopfschrecke, Large cone head
X - Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) Not 44 Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, 1767 Praying Mantis
- Slo, Cro (Ist, Qu, Da, Sla) Not ? The data originates from :
- Kleukers R. Personal communication, A personal list from the Dutch orthopterologist Roy Kleukers : Raw data listing Orthoptera Slovenie 23-10-97, 1997, Leiden
- The European distribution maps present in the Atlas of Orthopteroidea in Holland; Kleukers R. et all. (1997). The grasshoppers and Crickets of the Netherlands (Orthoptera). Nederlandse Fauna I. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, KNNV & EIS.
- Us P. & S. Matvejev (1967), Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae, II/6, Orthopteroidea, Ljubljana
- Triglav Nationaal park : Arthropoda -Insecta-Orthoptera, http://www.sigov.si/tnp/s/bio/nevr/nevret.htm
- Bellmann H. (1993). Heuschrecken beobachten, bestimmen. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg.
- Stanislav Gomboc from Dept. of agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana
- Personal communication Roy Kleukers (Othoptera Slovenia) : 6 species Platycleis intermedia, modesta, nigrosignata, sepium, stricta, tesselata were found.